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Background  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, endogenous non-coding small RNAs that have ability to base pair with their target mRNAs to induce their degradation in plants. miR394a/b are conserved small RNAs and its target gene  LCR  ( LEAF CURLING RESPONSIVENESS ) encodes an F-box protein ( S KP1- C ullin/ C DC53- F -box) but whether miR394a/b and its target gene  LCR  are involved in regulation of plant response to abscisic acid (ABA) and abiotic stresses is unknown.    Results  Mature miR394 and precursor miR394a/b are shown to be slightly induced by ABA. By contrast,  LCR  expression is depressed by ABA. Analysis of  LCR  and its  promoter  ( pLCR::GUS ) revealed that  LCR  is expressed at all development stages.  MIR394a/b  over-expression ( 35S::MIR394a/b ) and  lcr  ( LCR  loss of function) mutant plants are hypersensitive to salt stress, but  LCR  over-expressing ( 35S::m5LCR ) plants display the salt-tolerant phenotype. Both  35S::MIR394a/b  and  lcr  plants are highly tolerant to severe drought stress compared with wild-type, but  35S::m5LCR  plants are susceptible to water deficiency. Over-expression of  MIR394a/b  led to ABA hypersensitivity and ABA-associated phenotypes, whereas  35S::m5LCR  plants show ABA resistance phenotypes. Moreover,  35S::MIR394a/b  plants accumulated higher levels of ABA-induced hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion radicals than wild-type and  35S::m5LCR  plants. Expressions of ABA- and stress-responsive genes,  ABI3 ,  ABI4 ,  ABI5 ,  ABF3 , and  ABF4  are up-regulated in  MIR394a/b  over-expressing plants but down-regulated in  35S::m5LCR  plants. Over-expression of  MIR394a  in  abi4-1  or  abi5-1  background resulted in loss of ABA-sensitivity in  35S::MIR394a  plants.    Conclusions  The silencing of  LCR  mRNA by miR394 is essential to maintain a certain phenotype favorable for the adaptive response to abiotic stresses. The contrasting phenotypes of salt and drought responses may be mediated by a functional balance between miR394 and  LCR . If the balance is perturbed in case of the abiotic stress, an identical phenotype related to the stress response occurs, resulting in either ABA sensitive or insensitive response. Thus, miR394-regulated LCR abundance may allow plants to fine-tune their responses to ABA and abiotic stress.

miR394 and LCR are involved in Arabidopsis salt and drought stress responses in an abscisic acid-dependent manner