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Background  Nonhost resistance (NHR) provides immunity to all members of a plant species against all isolates of a microorganism that is pathogenic to other plant species. Three  Arabidopsis thaliana PEN  (penetration deficient) genes,  PEN1, 2  and  3  have been shown to provide NHR against the barley pathogen  Blumeria graminis  f. sp . hordei  at the prehaustorial level. Arabidopsis  pen1-1  mutant lacking the  PEN1  gene is penetrated by the hemibiotrophic oomycete pathogen  Phytophthora sojae,  the causal organism of the root and stem rot disease in soybean. We investigated if there is any novel nonhost resistance mechanism in Arabidopsis against the soybean pathogen,  P. sojae.Results  The   P.    s   ojae  s usceptible ( pss )  1  mutant was identified by screening a mutant population created in the Arabidopsis  pen1-1  mutant that lacks penetration resistance against the non adapted barley biotrophic fungal pathogen,  Blumeria graminis  f. sp.  hordei.  Segregation data suggested that  PEN1  is not epistatic to  PSS1 . Responses of  pss1  and  pen1-1  to  P. sojae  invasion were distinct and suggest that PSS1 may act at both pre- and post-haustorial levels, while PEN1 acts at the pre-haustorial level against this soybean pathogen. Therefore,  PSS1  encodes a new form of nonhost resistance. The  pss1  mutant is also infected by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen,  Fusarium virguliforme,  which causes sudden death syndrome in soybean. Thus, a common NHR mechanism is operative in Arabidopsis against both hemibiotrophic oomycetes and necrotrophic fungal pathogens that are pathogenic to soybean. However,  PSS1  does not play any role in immunity against the bacterial pathogen,  Pseudomonas syringae  pv . glycinea,  that causes bacterial blight in soybean. We mapped  PSS1  to a region very close to the southern telomere of chromosome 3 that carries no known disease resistance genes.    Conclusions  The study revealed that Arabidopsis  PSS1  is a novel nonhost resistance gene that confers a new form of nonhost resistance against both a hemibiotrophic oomycete pathogen,  P. sojae  and a necrotrophic fungal pathogen,  F. virguliforme  that cause diseases in soybean. However, this gene does not play any role in the immunity of Arabidopsis to the bacterial pathogen,  P. syringae  pv . glycinea , which causes bacterial blight in soybean. Identification and further characterization of the  PSS1  gene would provide further insights into a new form of nonhost resistance in Arabidopsis, which could be utilized in improving resistance of soybean to two serious pathogens.

bmc plant biology

Arabidopsis nonhost resistance gene PSS1confers immunity against an oomycete and a fungal pathogen but not a bacterial pathogen that cause diseases in soybean