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Background  Little is known about the potential of  Brachypodium distachyon  as a model for low temperature stress responses in Pooideae. The ice recrystallization inhibition protein (IRIP) genes, fructosyltransferase (FST) genes, and many C-repeat binding factor (CBF) genes are Pooideae specific and important in low temperature responses. Here we used comparative analyses to study conservation and evolution of these gene families in  B. distachyon  to better understand its potential as a model species for agriculturally important temperate grasses.    Results   Brachypodium distachyon  contains cold responsive IRIP genes which have evolved through  Brachypodium  specific gene family expansions. A large cold responsive CBF3 subfamily was identified in  B. distachyon , while CBF4 homologs are absent from the genome. No  B. distachyon  FST gene homologs encode typical core Pooideae FST-motifs and low temperature induced fructan accumulation was dramatically different in  B. distachyon  compared to core Pooideae species.    Conclusions  We conclude that  B. distachyon  can serve as an interesting model for specific molecular mechanisms involved in low temperature responses in core Pooideae species. However, the evolutionary history of key genes involved in low temperature responses has been different in  Brachypodium  and core Pooideae species. These differences limit the use of  B. distachyon  as a model for holistic studies relevant for agricultural core Pooideae species.

Comparative analyses reveal potential uses of Brachypodium distachyonas a model for cold stress responses in temperate grasses