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Background  Single-repeat R3 MYB transcription factors (single-repeat MYBs) play important roles in controlling trichome patterning in  Arabidopsis . It was proposed that single-repeat MYBs negatively regulate trichome formation by competing with GLABRA1 (GL1) for binding GLABRA3/ENHANCER OF GLABRA3 (GL3/EGL3), thus inhibiting the formation of activator complex TTG1(TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1)-GL3/EGL3-GL1 that is required for the activation of  GLABRA2  ( GL2 ), whose product is a positive regulator of trichome formation. Previously we identified a novel single-repeat MYB transcription factor, TRICHOMELESS1 (TCL1), which negatively regulates trichome formation on the inflorescence stems and pedicels by directly suppressing the expression of  GL1 .    Results  We analyzed here the role of TRICHOMELESS2 (TCL2), a previously-uncharacterized single-repeat MYB transcription factor in trichome patterning in  Arabidopsis . We showed that TCL2 is closely related to TCL1, and like TCL1 and other single-repeat MYBs, TCL2 interacts with GL3. Overexpression of  TCL2  conferred glabrous phenotype while knockdown of  TCL2  via RNAi induced ectopic trichome formation on the inflorescence stems and pedicels, a phenotype that was previously observed in  tcl1  mutants. These results suggested that TCL2 may have overlapping function with TCL1 in controlling trichome formation on inflorescences. On the other hand, although the transcription of  TCL2 , like  TCL1,  is not controlled by the activator complex formed by GL1 and GL3, and TCL2 and TCL1 proteins are more than 80% identical at the amino acid level, the expression of  TCL2  under the control of  TCL1  promoter only partially recovered the mutant phenotype of  tcl1 , implying that TCL2 and TCL1 are not fully functional equivalent.    Conclusions  TCL2 function redundantly with TCL1 in controlling trichome formation on inflorescences, but they are not fully functional equivalent. Transcription of  TCL2  is not controlled by activator complex formed by GL1 and GL3, but  MIR156  controlled SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN LIKE (SPL) transcription factors. However, SPLs might require co-activators to regulate the expression of their target genes, including  TCL1 ,  TRY  and possibly,  TCL2 .

Functional characterization of TRICHOMELESS2, a new single-repeat R3 MYB transcription factor in the regulation of trichome patterning in Arabidopsis