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Background  Salt stress hinders the growth of plants and reduces crop production worldwide. However, different plant species might possess different adaptive mechanisms to mitigate salt stress. We conducted a detailed pathway analysis of transcriptional dynamics in the roots of  Medicago truncatula  seedlings under salt stress and selected a transcription factor gene,  MtCBF4 , for experimental validation.    Results  A microarray experiment was conducted using root samples collected 6, 24, and 48 h after application of 180 mM NaCl. Analysis of 11 statistically significant expression profiles revealed different behaviors between primary and secondary metabolism pathways in response to external stress. Secondary metabolism that helps to maintain osmotic balance was induced. One of the highly induced transcription factor genes was successfully cloned, and was named  MtCBF4 . Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MtCBF4, which belongs to the AP2-EREBP transcription factor family, is a novel member of the CBF transcription factor in  M. truncatula . MtCBF4 is shown to be a nuclear-localized protein. Expression of  MtCBF4  in  M. truncatula  was induced by most of the abiotic stresses, including salt, drought, cold, and abscisic acid, suggesting crosstalk between these abiotic stresses. Transgenic  Arabidopsis  over-expressing  MtCBF4  enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stress, and activated expression of downstream genes that contain DRE elements. Over-expression of  MtCBF4  in  M. truncatula  also enhanced salt tolerance and induced expression level of corresponding downstream genes.    Conclusion  Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis revealed complex mechanisms exist in plants in response to salt stress. The novel transcription factor gene  MtCBF4  identified here played an important role in response to abiotic stresses, indicating that it might be a good candidate gene for genetic improvement to produce stress-tolerant plants.

bmc plant biology

Transcriptional profiling of Medicago truncatula under salt stress identified a novel CBF transcription factor MtCBF4 that plays an important role in abiotic stress responses