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Background   Fusarium  species cause Fusarium head blight (FHB) and other important diseases of cereals. The causal agents produce trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON). The dicotyledonous model species  Arabidopsis thaliana  has been used to study  Fusarium -host interactions but it is not ideal for model-to-crop translation.  Brachypodium distachyon  (Bd) has been proposed as a new monocotyledonous model species for functional genomic studies in grass species. This study aims to assess the interaction between the most prevalent FHB-causing  Fusarium  species and Bd in order to develop and exploit Bd as a genetic model for FHB and other  Fusarium  diseases of wheat.    Results  The ability of  Fusarium graminearum  and  Fusarium culmorum  to infect a range of Bd tissues was examined in various bioassays which showed that both species can infect all Bd tissues examined, including intact foliar tissues. DON accumulated in infected spike tissues at levels similar to those of infected wheat spikes. Histological studies revealed details of infection, colonisation and host response and indicate that hair cells are important sites of infection. Susceptibility to  Fusarium  and DON was assessed in two Bd ecotypes and revealed variation in resistance between ecotypes.    Conclusions  Bd exhibits characteristics of susceptibility highly similar to those of wheat, including susceptibility to spread of disease in the spikelets. Bd is the first reported plant species to allow successful infection on intact foliar tissues by FHB-causing  Fusarium  species. DON appears to function as a virulence factor in Bd as it does in wheat. Bd is proposed as a valuable model for undertaking studies of Fusarium head blight and other  Fusarium  diseases of wheat.

Brachypodium distachyon: a new pathosystem to study Fusarium head blight and other Fusarium diseases of wheat