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Altered neuronal morphology and electrophysiological function in aged primates are correlated with cognitive deficits [1]. Recent experimental studies of young and aged layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of rhesus monkeys show an age related increase in both the somatic input resistance and action potential (AP) firing rate [1]. Aged cells display fewer apical dendrites, and reduced spine numbers, although the average spine in an aged cell is larger [2]. Figure 1 compares the morphology and firing patterns for typical young (left column) and aged (right column) pyramidal cells from the PFC of rhesus monkeys [2], illustrating that an aged cell fires at a higher frequency for the same 2s current injection (380 pA) at the soma, despite being similar in overall size and morphology to the young cell.

Why are pyramidal cell firing rates increased with aging, and what can we do about it?