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Cross-frequency couplings between oscillatory modes have been observed in cortical and hippocampal local field potentials recorded from the brains of rodents, primates[1] and humans. Multi-unit activity recordings have shown that the highest amplitude of gamma and theta oscillations occur at the rising positive going part of theta and delta oscillations, respectively[1]. We show that a network of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons with short term plasticity between pyramidal cells and interneurons can exhibit a similar oscillatory hierarchy (see Figure ​Figure1).1). Moreover, the network exhibits alpha oscillations which amplitude is modulated by the phase of delta oscillations. There is no phase-amplitude coupling between alpha and theta. Finally, these oscillations are nested in a slower 0.2 Hz oscillation. We study the mechanisms of these oscillatory patterns reminiscent of spontaneous cortical activity[2].    Figure 1  Simulation in a network composed of 8000 pyramidal cells and 2000 interneurons. (A) Firing rates of pyramidal cells νE and interneurons νI in red and blue, respectively, smoothen within a window of 25 ms duration. The frequency of slow ...

Oscillatory hierarchy in a network of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons with short-term plasticity