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The Basal Ganglia represent subcortical structures that have a crucial role in determining when a given motor program should be selected and called into action [1]. The input region of the Basal Ganglia (the striatum) contains several distinct cell types. 90-95% of them are medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs) that have high threshold for activation and represent the sole source of the output. There is also a small population of fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) that receive inputs from a wider range of distinct cortical regions compared to projection neurons [2]. Two sources of GABAergic inhibition onto MSNs are the feedforward inhibition via the FSIs and the feedback inhibition from the axon collaterals of the MSNs themselves. Feedforward inhibition is very powerful and may filter cortical information transmitted by striatal projection neurons [3]. In contrast, feedback inhibition between pairs of MSNs acts predominantly at the distal dendrites, but may still significantly control the overall level of activity of the spiny neurons [4].  We simultaneously recorded local field potentials (LFPs) in the cortex and striatum in order to determine how striatum processes cortical neuronal avalanches. Cortical neuronal avalanches represent activity clusters with a cluster size distribution that follows a power law with exponent -1.5 [5]. Analysis of experimental data revealed that activity clusters in striatum also follow power law distributions, but with an exponent significantly lower than what is observed in the cortex [6]. To understand what controls the LFP statistics observed in experiments, we developed an abstract model of the cortico-striatal network. We investigated to what extent the connectivity pattern between cortex and striatum as well as the inhibition within striatum can explain the experimental results [7]. Our model predicts that striatal inhibition plays a prominent role in shaping the observed striatal dynamics and decorrelating the striatal responses to cortical neuronal avalanches. To understand the contribution of feedforward vs feedback inhibition to the dynamics, we extended our abstract model to spiking networks. We used the model to quantify the role of feedback and feedforward inhibition for decorrelating MSNs, and preliminary results suggest that FSIs play a significant role.

Impact of inhibition in striatal decorrelation of cortical neuronal avalanches