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Some neurons are endogenous bursters, i.e., they intrinsically fire with a steady period (Ti) in the absence of external stimuli. In neural networks, the neurons constantly receive stimuli, e.g., presynaptic inputs that perturb their intrinsic activity. The transient changes in the firing frequency of a neuron due to a presynaptic input received at a stimulus time (ts), or phase = ts/Ti, is tabulated by the phase resetting curve (PRC). The first order PRC is extracted in open loop, i.e., from isolated neurons, by tabulating the relative change in the firing period F( ) = ΔT1/Ti = (T1-Ti)/Ti due to a stimulus received during the current cycle at phase (see Fig. 1A). Equivalently, we use the spike time resetting curve (STRC) that tabulates the recovery time tr of a neuron that received an input during the current cycle at a stimulus time ts (see Fig. 1A). The assumption is that the open loop PRC/STRC can predict the phase locked modes of a network provided, among other requirements, that the open loop stimulus closely resembles the input the neuron receives in a fully connected network. For example, the PRC/STRC method can predict the 1:1 phase locked modes of a two-neuron network (see Fig. 1B). Assuming that the effect of the presynaptic input dies out by the time the neuron receives another input, we can derive (Figure 1B) the recursions that determine the phase locked mode:

Bifurcation structure of phase locked modes in Type I excitable cells based on phase and spike time resetting curves