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Background Most species of bat making echolocation use Dopplershifted frequency of ultrasonic echo pulse to measure the velocity of target [1]. To perform the fine-frequency analysis, the feedback signals from cortex to subcortical and peripheral areas are needed. The feedback signals are known to modulate the tuning property of subcortical neurons. Xia and Suga [2] have shown on an intriguing property of feedback signals that the electric stimulation of cortical neurons evokes the best frequency (BF) shifts of subcortical neurons away from the BF of the stimulated cortical neuron (centrifugal BF shift) and bucuculine (an antagonist of inhibitory GABA receptors) applied to the stimulation site changes the centrifugal BF shifts into the BF shifts towards the BF of stimulated cortical neurons (centripetal BF shift). Although these BF shifts are generated by the feedback signals from cortical neurons to subcortical neurons, it is not yet clear how the feedback signals determine the direction of BF shift. To address this issue, we present a neural model for detecting Doppler-shifted frequency of echo sound reflecting from a target.

Modulation of frequency-tuning property of subcortical neurons elicited by corticofugal signals in bat’s auditory cortex