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Joint extracellular recordings of cortical spiking activity and mesoscopic population signals, such as the local field potential (LFP), are becoming increasingly popular as a tool for measuring cortical activity. The LFP, the low-frequency part of extracellular potentials, is thought to mainly reflect dendritic transmembrane currents following synaptic activity in the vicinity of the recording electrode. As the LFP signal stems from the population activity of a large number of cells, it represents a more robust measure of the network dynamics than single cell recordings. However, despite recent modeling [1] and experimental [2-4] studies on the origin of the LFP, much of the nature of this signal still remains to be understood. In particular, the literature has contradicting reports on how large the cortical area represented in the signal from an LFP electrode is. While some studies claim a spatial range as large as several millimeters [4], others suggest a much more local origin of LFP fluctuations [2]. A possible reason for this apparent discrepancy is that, in real brain measurements, is difficult to disentangle LFP correlations between nearby recording sites due to signal conduction from intrinsic correlations in the generators of the signal.

Estimating the spatial range of local field potentials in a cortical population model