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Background  Eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha (eEF1A) is one of the four subunits composing eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1. It catalyzes the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of the ribosome in a GTP-dependent manner during protein synthesis, although it also seems to play a role in other non-translational processes. Currently, little information is still available about its expression profile and regulation during flatfish metamorphosis. With regard to this, Senegalese sole ( Solea senegalensis ) is a commercially important flatfish in which  eEF1A  gene remains to be characterized.    Results  The development of large-scale genomics of Senegalese sole has facilitated the identification of five different  eEF1A  genes, referred to as  SseEF1A1 ,  SseEF1A2 ,  SseEF1A3 ,  SseEF1A4 , and  Sse42Sp50 . Main characteristics and sequence identities with other fish and mammalian eEF1As are described. Phylogenetic and tissue expression analyses allowed for the identification of  SseEF1A1  and  SseEF1A2  as the Senegalese sole counterparts of mammalian  eEF1A1  and  eEF1A2 , respectively, and of  Sse42Sp50  as the ortholog of  Xenopus laevis  and teleost  42Sp50  gene. The other two elongation factors,  SseEF1A3  and  SseEF1A4 , represent novel genes that are mainly expressed in gills and skin. The expression profile of the five genes was also studied during larval development, revealing different behaviours. To study the possible regulation of  SseEF1A  gene expressions by thyroid hormones (THs), larvae were exposed to the goitrogen thiourea (TU). TU-treated larvae exhibited lower  SseEF1A4  mRNA levels than untreated controls at both 11 and 15 days after treatment, whereas transcripts of the other four genes remained relatively unchanged. Moreover, addition of exogenous T4 hormone to TU-treated larvae increased significantly the steady-state levels of  SseEF1A4  with respect to untreated controls, demonstrating that its expression is up-regulated by THs.    Conclusion  We have identified five different  eEF1A  genes in the Senegalese sole, referred to as  SseEF1A1 ,  SseEF1A2 ,  SseEF1A3 ,  SseEF1A4 , and  Sse42Sp50 . The five genes exhibit different expression patterns in tissues and during larval development. TU and T4 treatments demonstrate that  SseEF1A4  is up-regulated by THs, suggesting a role in the translational regulation of the factors involved in the dramatic changes that occurs during Senegalese sole metamorphosis.

bmc molecular biology

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of five different elongation factor 1 alpha genes in the flatfish Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup): Differential gene expression and thyroid hormones dependence during metamorphosis