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Background   Burkholderia pseudomallei  is a saprophyte in tropical environments and an opportunistic human pathogen. This versatility requires a sensing mechanism that allows the bacterium to respond rapidly to altered environmental conditions. We characterized a two-component signal transduction locus from  B. pseudomallei  204,  mrgR  and  mrgS , encoding products with extensive homology with response regulators and histidine protein kinases of  Escherichia coli ,  Bordetella pertussis , and  Vibrio cholerae .    Results  The locus was present and expressed in a variety of  B. pseudomallei  human and environmental isolates but was absent from other  Burkholderia  species,  B. cepacia ,  B. cocovenenans ,  B. plantarii ,  B. thailandensis ,  B. vandii , and  B. vietnamiensis . A 2128 bp sequence, including the full response regulator  mrgR , but not the sensor kinase  mrgS , was present in the  B. mallei  genome. Restriction fragment length polymorphism downstream from  mrgRS  showed two distinct groups were present among  B. pseudomallei  isolates. Our analysis of the open reading frames in this region of the genome revealed that transposase and bacteriophage activity may help explain this variation. MrgR and MrgS proteins were expressed in  B. pseudomallei  204 cultured at different pH, salinity and temperatures and the expression was substantially reduced at 25°C compared with 37°C or 42°C but was mostly unaffected by pH or salinity, although at 25°C and 0.15% NaCl a small increase in MrgR expression was observed at pH 5. MrgR was recognized by antibodies in convalescent sera pooled from melioidosis patients.    Conclusion  The results suggest that  mrgRS  regulates an adaptive response to temperature that may be essential for pathogenesis, particularly during the initial phases of infection.  B. pseudomallei  and  B. mallei  are very closely related species that differ in their capacity to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Modifications in this region of the genome may assist our understanding of the reasons for this difference.

bmc microbiology

Characterization of the mrgRS locus of the opportunistic pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei: temperature regulates the expression of a two-component signal transduction system