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Background  Persister cells constitute a subpopulation of dormant cells within a microbial population which are genetically identical but phenotypically different to regular cells. Notably, persister cells show an elevated tolerance to antimicrobial agents. Thus, they are considered to represent a microbial ‘bet-hedging’ strategy and are of particular importance in pathogenic bacteria.    Results  We studied the ability of the zoonotic pathogen  Streptococcus  ( S .)  suis  to form multi-drug tolerant variants and identified persister cells dependent on the initial bacterial growth phase. We observed lower numbers of persisters in exponential phase cultures than in stationary growth phase populations.  S. suis  persister cells showed a high tolerance to a variety of antibiotics, and the phenotype was not inherited as tested with four passages of  S. suis  populations. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the persister phenotype is related to expression of genes involved in general metabolic pathways since we found higher numbers of persister cells in a mutant strain defective in the catabolic arginine deiminase system as compared to its parental wild type strain. Finally, we observed persister cell formation also in other  S. suis  strains and pathogenic streptococcal species.    Conclusions  Taken together, this is the first study that reports multi-drug tolerant persister cells in the zoonotic pathogen  S. suis .

Characterization of multi-drug tolerant persister cells in Streptococcus suis