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Background   Bradyrhizobium japonicum  USDA110, a soybean symbiont, is capable of accumulating a large amount of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) as an intracellular carbon storage polymer during free-living growth. Within the genome of USDA110, there are a number of genes annotated as paralogs of proteins involved in PHB metabolism, including its biosynthesis, degradation, and stabilization of its granules. They include two  phbA  paralogs encoding 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, two  phbB  paralogs encoding acetoacetylCoA reductase, five  phbC  paralogs encoding PHB synthase, two  phaZ  paralogs encoding PHB depolymerase, at least four  phaP  phasin paralogs for stabilization of PHB granules, and one  phaR  encoding a putative transcriptional repressor to control  phaP  expression.    Results  Quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR analyses of RNA samples prepared from cells grown using three different media revealed that PHB accumulation was related neither to redundancy nor expression levels of the  phbA ,  phbB ,  phbC , and  phaZ  paralogs for PHB-synthesis and degradation. On the other hand, at least three of the  phaP  paralogs, involved in the growth and stabilization of PHB granules, were induced under PHB accumulating conditions. Moreover, the most prominently induced phasin exhibited the highest affinity to PHB in vitro; it was able to displace PhaR previously bound to PHB.    Conclusions  These results suggest that PHB accumulation in free-living  B. japonicum  USDA110 may not be achieved by controlling production and degradation of PHB. In contrast, it is achieved by stabilizing granules autonomously produced in an environment of excess carbon sources together with restricted nitrogen sources.

PhaP phasins play a principal role in poly-β-hydroxybutyrate accumulation in free-living Bradyrhizobium japonicum