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Background   Vibrio cholerae  serogroup O1 has two major serotypes, Ogawa and Inaba, which may alternate among cholera epidemics. The  rfbT  gene is responsible for the conversion between the two serotypes. In this study, we surveyed the sequence variance of  rfbT  in the Ogawa and Inaba strains in China over a 48-year (1961-2008) period in which serotype shifts occurred among epidemic years.    Results  Various mutation events including single nucleotide, short fragment insertions/deletions and transposases insertions, were found in the  rfbT  gene of the Inaba strains. Ectopically introducing an intact  rfbT  could overcome the mutations by converting the Inaba serotype to the Ogawa serotype, suggesting the effects of these mutations on the function of RfbT. Characteristic  rfbT  mutations were recognized in the Inaba strains among Inaba serotype dominant epidemic years which were separate from the Ogawa dominant epidemics. Three distinguishable mutation sites in  rfbT  between the classical and the El Tor biotype strains were identified and could serve as biotype-specific biomarkers.    Conclusions  Our results provide a comprehensive picture of the  rfbT  gene mutations among the  V. cholerae  O1 strains in different epidemic periods, which could be further used as the tracing markers in clonality analysis and dissemination surveillance of the epidemic strains.

Sequence polymorphisms of rfbT among the Vibrio cholerae O1 strains in the Ogawa and Inaba serotype shifts