English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  The predatory mirids of the genus  Macrolophus  are key natural enemies of various economically important agricultural pests. Both  M. caliginosus  and  M. pygmaeus  are commercially available for the augmentative biological control of arthropod pests in European greenhouses. The latter species is known to be infected with  Wolbachia  -inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility in its host- but the presence of other endosymbionts has not been demonstrated. In the present study, the microbial diversity was examined in various populations of  M. caliginosus  and  M. pygmaeus  by 16S rRNA sequencing and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.    Results  Besides  Wolbachia , a co-infection of 2  Rickettsia  species was detected in all  M. pygmaeus  populations. Based on a concatenated alignment of the  16S rRNA  gene, the  gltA  gene and the  coxA  gene, the first is phylogenetically related to  Rickettsia bellii , whereas the other is closely related to  Rickettsia limoniae . All  M. caliginosus  populations were infected with the same  Wolbachia  and  limoniae -like  Rickettsia  strain as  M. pygmaeus , but did not harbour the  bellii -like  Rickettsia  strain. Interestingly, individuals with a single infection were not found. A PCR assay on the ovaries of  M. pygmaeus  and  M. caliginosus  indicated that all endosymbionts are vertically transmitted. The presence of  Wolbachia  and  Rickettsia  in oocytes was confirmed by a fluorescence  in situ  hybridisation. A bio-assay comparing an infected and an uninfected  M. pygmaeus  population suggested that the endosymbionts had minor effects on nymphal development of their insect host and did not influence its fecundity.    Conclusion  Two species of the palaearctic mirid genus  Macrolophus  are infected with multiple endosymbionts, including  Wolbachia  and  Rickettsia . Independent of the origin, all tested populations of both  M. pygmaeus  and  M. caliginosus  were infected with three and two endosymbionts, respectively. There was no indication that infection with endosymbiotic bacteria had a fitness cost in terms of development and fecundity of the predators.

Microbial community of predatory bugs of the genus Macrolophus(Hemiptera: Miridae)