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Background   Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus  HD100 must regulate genes in response to a variety of environmental conditions as it enters, preys upon and leaves other bacteria, or grows axenically without prey. In addition to “housekeeping” sigma factors, its genome encodes several alternate sigma factors, including 2 Group IV-RpoE-like proteins, which may be involved in the complex regulation of its predatory lifestyle.    Results  We find that one sigma factor gene,  bd3314,  cannot be deleted from  Bdellovibrio  in either predatory or prey-independent growth states, and is therefore possibly essential, likely being an alternate sigma 70. Deletion of one of two Group IV-like sigma factor genes,  bd0881 , affects flagellar gene regulation and results in less efficient predation, although not due to motility changes; deletion of the second,  bd0743 , showed that it normally represses chaperone gene expression and intriguingly we find an alternative  groES  gene is expressed at timepoints in the predatory cycle where intensive protein synthesis at  Bdellovibrio  septation ,  prior to prey lysis, will be occurring.    Conclusions  We have taken the first step in understanding how alternate sigma factors regulate different processes in the predatory lifecycle of  Bdellovibrio  and discovered that alternate chaperones regulated by one of them are expressed at different stages of the lifecycle.

Mutagenesis of RpoE-like sigma factor genes in Bdellovibrio reveals differential control of groEL and two groES genes