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Background   Tuber magnatum , the Italian white truffle, is the most sought-after edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom. Previous studies report the difficulties of detecting its mycorrhizas and the widespread presence of its mycelium in natural production areas, suggesting that the soil mycelium could be a good indicator to evaluate its presence in the soil. In this study a specific real-time PCR assay using TaqMan chemistry was developed to detect and quantify  T. magnatum  in soil. This technique was then applied to four natural  T. magnatum  truffières located in different regions of Italy to validate the method under different environmental conditions.    Results  The primer/probe sets for the detection and quantification of  T. magnatum  were selected from the ITS rDNA regions. Their specificity was tested  in silico  and using qualitative PCR on DNA extracted from 25 different fungal species. The  T. magnatum  DNA concentration was different in the four experimental truffières and higher in the productive plots.  T. magnatum  mycelium was however also detected in most of the non-productive plots. Ascoma production during the three years of the study was correlated with the concentration of  T. magnatum  DNA.    Conclusions  Taken together, these results suggest that the specific real-time PCR assay perfected in this study could be an useful tool to evaluate the presence and dynamics of this precious truffle in natural and cultivated truffières.

Development and validation of a real-time PCR assay for detection and quantification of Tuber magnatum in soil