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Background  The tyramine producer  Enterococcus durans  IPLA655 contains all the necessary genes for tyramine biosynthesis, grouped in the TDC cluster. This cluster includes  tyrS , an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase like gene.    Results  This work shows that  tyrS  was maximally transcribed in absence of tyrosine at acidic pH, showing a greater than 10-fold induction in mRNA levels over levels occurring in presence of tyrosine. Mapping of the  tyrS  transcriptional start site revealed an unusually long untranslated leader region of 322 bp, which displays the typical features of the T box transcriptional attenuation mechanism. The tyrosine concentration regulation of  tyrS  was found to be mediated by a transcription antitermination system, whereas the specific induction at acidic pH was regulated at transcription initiation level.    Conclusions  The expression of the  tyrS  gene present in the TDC cluster of  E. durans  is transcriptionally regulated by tyrosine concentration and extracelular pH. The regulation is mediated by both an antitermination system and the promoter itself.

bmc microbiology

The tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase like gene located in the tyramine biosynthesis cluster of Enterococcus duransis transcriptionally regulated by tyrosine concentration and extracellular pH