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Background   Candida  can cause mucocutaneous and/or systemic infections in hospitalized and immunosuppressed patients. Most individuals are colonized by  Candida  spp. as part of the oral flora and the intestinal tract. We compared oral and systemic isolates for the capacity to form biofilm in an in vitro biofilm model and pathogenicity in the  Galleria mellonella  infection model. The oral  Candida  strains were isolated from the HIV patients and included species of  C. albicans ,  C. glabrata ,  C. tropicalis ,  C. parapsilosis ,  C. krusei ,  C. norvegensis , and  C. dubliniensis . The systemic strains were isolated from patients with invasive candidiasis and included species of  C. albicans ,  C. glabrata ,  C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. lusitaniae , and  C. kefyr . For each of the acquired strains, biofilm formation was evaluated on standardized samples of silicone pads and acrylic resin. We assessed the pathogenicity of the strains by infecting  G. mellonella  animals with  Candida  strains and observing survival.    Results  The biofilm formation and pathogenicity in  Galleria  was similar between oral and systemic isolates. The quantity of biofilm formed and the virulence in  G. mellonella  were different for each of the species studied. On silicone pads,  C. albicans  and  C. dubliniensis  produced more biofilm (1.12 to 6.61 mg) than the other species (0.25 to 3.66 mg). However, all  Candida  species produced a similar biofilm on acrylic resin, material used in dental prostheses.  C. albicans ,  C. dubliniensis ,  C. tropicalis , and  C. parapsilosis  were the most virulent species in  G. mellonella  with 100% of mortality, followed by  C. lusitaniae  (87%),  C. novergensis  (37%),  C. krusei  (25%),  C. glabrata  (20%), and  C. kefyr  (12%).    Conclusions  We found that on silicone pads as well as in the  Galleria  model, biofilm formation and virulence depends on the  Candida  species. Importantly, for  C. albicans  the pathogenicity of oral  Candida  isolates was similar to systemic  Candida  isolates, suggesting that  Candida  isolates have similar biofilm-forming ability and virulence regardless of the infection site from which it was isolated.

bmc microbiology

Oral Candida albicans isolates from HIV-positive individuals have similar in vitro biofilm-forming ability and pathogenicity as invasive Candida isolates