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Background   Toxoplasma gondii  belongs to a large and diverse group of obligate intracellular parasitic protozoa. Primary culture of mice skeletal muscle cells (SkMC) was employed as a model for experimental toxoplasmosis studies. The myogenesis of SkMC was reproduced  in vitro  and the ability of  T. gondii  tachyzoite forms to infect myoblasts and myotubes and its influence on SkMC myogenesis were analyzed.    Results  In this study we show that, after 24 h of interaction, myoblasts (61%) were more infected with  T. gondii  than myotubes (38%) and inhibition of myogenesis was about 75%. The role of adhesion molecules such as cadherin in this event was investigated. First, we demonstrate that cadherin localization was restricted to the contact areas between myocytes/myocytes and myocytes/myotubes during the myogenesis process. Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting analysis of parasite-host cell interaction showed a 54% reduction in cadherin expression at 24 h of infection. Concomitantly, a reduction in M-cadherin mRNA levels was observed after 3 and 24 h of  T. gondii- host cell interaction.    Conclusions  These data suggest that  T. gondii  is able to down regulate M-cadherin expression, leading to molecular modifications in the host cell surface that interfere with membrane fusion and consequently affect the myogenesis process.

Toxoplasma gondiidown modulates cadherin expression in skeletal muscle cells inhibiting myogenesis