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Background   Leptospira  is the causative agent of leptospirosis. The O-antigen is the distal part of the lipopolysaccharide, which is a key component of outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and confers serological specificity. The epidemiology and clinical characteristics of leptospirosis are relative to the serology based taxonomic unit. Identification of  Leptospira  strains by serotyping is laborious and has several drawbacks.    Results  In this study, the O-antigen gene clusters of four epidemic  Leptospira  serogroups (serogroup Canicola, Autumnalis, Grippotyphosa and Hebdomadis) in China were sequenced and all genes were predicted  in silico . Adding published sequences of two serogroups, Icterohaemorrhagiae (strain Lai and Fiocruz L1-130) and Sejroe (strain JB197 and L550), we identified six O-antigen-specific genes for six epidemic serogroups in China. PCR assays using these genes were developed and tested on 75 reference strains and 40 clinical isolates.    Conclusion  The results show that the PCR-based assays can be reliable and alternative means for rapid typing of these six serogroups of  Leptospira .

Development of O-antigen gene cluster-specific PCRs for rapid typing six epidemic serogroups of Leptospira in China