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Background   Staphylococcus epidermidis  has emerged as one of the most important nosocomial pathogens, mainly because of its ability to colonize implanted biomaterials by forming a biofilm. Extensive studies are focused on the molecular mechanisms involved in biofilm formation. The LytSR two-component regulatory system regulates autolysis and biofilm formation in  Staphylococcus aureus . However, the role of LytSR played in  S. epidermidis  remained unknown.    Results  In the present study, we demonstrated that  lytSR  knock-out in  S. epidermidis  did not alter susceptibility to Triton X-100 induced autolysis. Quantitative murein hydrolase assay indicated that disruption of  lytSR  in  S. epidermidis  resulted in decreased activities of extracellular murein hydrolases, although zymogram showed no apparent differences in murein hydrolase patterns between  S. epidermidis  strain 1457 and its  lytSR  mutant. Compared to the wild-type counterpart, 1457 ΔlytSR  produced slightly more biofilm, with significantly decreased dead cells inside. Microarray analysis showed that  lytSR  mutation affected the transcription of 164 genes (123 genes were upregulated and 41 genes were downregulated). Specifically, genes encoding proteins responsible for protein synthesis, energy metabolism were downregulated, while genes involved in amino acid and nucleotide biosynthesis, amino acid transporters were upregulated. Impaired ability to utilize pyruvate and reduced activity of arginine deiminase was observed in 1457 ΔlytSR , which is consistent with the microarray data.    Conclusions  The preliminary results suggest that in  S. epidermidis  LytSR two-component system regulates extracellular murein hydrolase activity, bacterial cell death and pyruvate utilization. Based on the microarray data, it appears that  lytSR  inactivation induces a stringent response. In addition, LytSR may indirectly enhance biofilm formation by altering the metabolic status of the bacteria.

bmc microbiology

Impact of the Staphylococcus epidermidis LytSR two-component regulatory system on murein hydrolase activity, pyruvate utilization and global transcriptional profile