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Background  Accurate identification is necessary to discriminate harmless environmental  Yersinia  species from the food-borne pathogens  Yersinia enterocolitica  and  Yersinia pseudotuberculosis  and from the group A bioterrorism plague agent  Yersinia pestis . In order to circumvent the limitations of current phenotypic and PCR-based identification methods, we aimed to assess the usefulness of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) protein profiling for accurate and rapid identification of  Yersinia  species. As a first step, we built a database of 39 different  Yersinia  strains representing 12 different  Yersinia  species, including 13  Y. pestis  isolates representative of the Antiqua, Medievalis and Orientalis biotypes. The organisms were deposited on the MALDI-TOF plate after appropriate ethanol-based inactivation, and a protein profile was obtained within 6 minutes for each of the  Yersinia  species.    Results  When compared with a 3,025-profile database, every  Yersinia  species yielded a unique protein profile and was unambiguously identified. In the second step of analysis, environmental and clinical isolates of  Y. pestis  (n = 2) and  Y. enterocolitica  (n = 11) were compared to the database and correctly identified. In particular,  Y. pestis  was unambiguously identified at the species level, and MALDI-TOF was able to successfully differentiate the three biotypes.    Conclusion  These data indicate that MALDI-TOF can be used as a rapid and accurate first-line method for the identification of  Yersinia  isolates.

bmc microbiology

Rapid identification and typing of Yersinia pestis and other Yersinia species by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry