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Background   Pseudomonas fluorescens  is present in low number in the intestinal lumen and has been proposed to play a role in Crohn's disease (CD). Indeed, a highly specific antigen, I2, has been detected in CD patients and correlated to the severity of the disease. We aimed to determine whether  P. fluorescens  was able to adhere to human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), induce cytotoxicity and activate a proinflammatory response.    Results  Behaviour of the clinical strain  P. fluorescens  MFN1032 was compared to that of the psychrotrophic strain  P. fluorescens  MF37 and the opportunistic pathogen  P. aeruginosa  PAO1. Both strains of  P. fluorescens  were found to adhere on Caco-2/TC7 and HT-29 cells. Their cytotoxicity towards these two cell lines determined by LDH release assays was dose-dependent and higher for the clinical strain MFN1032 than for MF37 but lower than  P. aeruginosa  PAO1. The two strains of  P. fluorescens  also induced IL-8 secretion by Caco-2/TC7 and HT-29 cells  via  the AP-1 signaling pathway whereas  P. aeruginosa  PAO1 potentially used the NF-κB pathway.    Conclusions  The present work shows, for the first time, that  P. fluorescens  MFN1032 is able to adhere to IECs, exert cytotoxic effects and induce a proinflammatory reaction. Our results are consistent with a possible contribution of  P. fluorescens  in CD and could explain the presence of specific antibodies against this bacterium in the blood of patients.

bmc microbiology

The clinical Pseudomonas fluorescens MFN1032 strain exerts a cytotoxic effect on epithelial intestinal cells and induces Interleukin-8 via the AP-1 signaling pathway