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Background  The major surface glycoprotein (Msg) of  Pneumocystis  is encoded by approximately 50 to 80 unique but related genes. Msg diversity may represent a mechanism for immune escape from host T cell responses. We examined splenic T cell proliferative and cytokine as well as serum antibody responses to recombinant and native  Pneumocystis  antigens in immunized or  Pneumocystis -infected mice. In addition, immune responses were examined in 5 healthy humans.    Results  Proliferative responses to each of two recombinant Msg variant proteins were seen in mice immunized with either recombinant protein, but no proliferation to these antigens was seen in mice immunized with crude  Pneumocystis  antigens or in mice that had cleared infection, although the latter animals demonstrated proliferative responses to crude  Pneumocystis  antigens and native Msg. IL-17 and MCP-3 were produced in previously infected animals in response to the same antigens, but not to recombinant antigens. Antibody responses to the recombinant  P. murina  Msg variant proteins were seen in all groups of animals, demonstrating that all groups were exposed to and mounted immune responses to Msg. No human PBMC samples proliferated following stimulation with  P. jirovecii  Msg, while antibody responses were detected in sera from 4 of 5 samples.    Conclusions  Cross-reactive antibody responses to Msg variants are common, while cross-reactive T cell responses are uncommon; these results support the hypothesis that  Pneumocystis  utilizes switching of Msg variant expression to avoid host T cell responses.

Discordant antibody and cellular responses to Pneumocystis major surface glycoprotein variants in mice