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Background   Burkholderia pseudomallei  ( Bp ) is a category B biothreat organism that causes a potentially fatal disease in humans and animals, namely melioidosis.  Burkholderia thailandensis  ( Bt ) is another naturally occurring species that is very closely related to  Bp . However, despite this closely related genotype,  Bt  is considered avirulent as it does not cause the disease. In the present study, we compared the growth kinetics of  B. pseudomallei  strain 844 ( Bp -844) in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) and macrophages (Mφs), as well as its ability to stimulate host cell responses with those of  B. thailandensis  strain UE5 ( Bt -UE5).    Results  Primary human MoDCs and Mφs were infected with  Bp -844 and its intracellular growth kinetics and ability to induce host cell responses were evaluated. The results were compared with those obtained using the  Bt -UE5. In human MoDCs, both bacteria were similar in respect to their ability to survive and replicate intracellularly, induce upregulation of costimulatory molecules and cytokines and bias T helper cell differentiation toward a Th1 phenotype. By contrast, the two bacteria exhibited different growth kinetics in human Mφs, where the intracellular growth of  Bt -UE5, but not  Bp -844, was significantly suppressed. Moreover, the ability of Mφs to kill  Bp -844 was markedly enhanced following stimulation with IFN-γ.    Conclusion  The data presented showed that while both strains were similar in their ability to survive and replicate in human MoDCs, only  Bp -844 could readily replicate in human Mφs. Both bacteria induced similar host cellular responses, particularly with regard to their ability to bias T cell differentiation toward a Th1 phenotype.

bmc immunology

Differential intracellular fate of Burkholderia pseudomallei 844 and Burkholderia thailandensis UE5 in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and macrophages