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Background   Leishmania  parasites cause a diverse spectrum of diseases in humans ranging from spontaneously healing skin lesions (e.g.,  L. major ) to life-threatening visceral diseases (e.g.,  L. infantum ). The high conservation in gene content and genome organization between  Leishmania major  and  Leishmania infantum  contrasts their distinct pathophysiologies, suggesting that highly regulated hierarchical and temporal changes in gene expression may be involved.    Results  We used a multispecies DNA oligonucleotide microarray to compare whole-genome expression patterns of promastigote (sandfly vector) and amastigote (mammalian macrophages) developmental stages between  L. major  and  L. infantum . Seven per cent of the total  L. infantum  genome and 9.3% of the  L. major  genome were differentially expressed at the RNA level throughout development. The main variations were found in genes involved in metabolism, cellular organization and biogenesis, transport and genes encoding unknown function. Remarkably, this comparative global interspecies analysis demonstrated that only 10–12% of the differentially expressed genes were common to  L. major  and  L. infantum . Differentially expressed genes are randomly distributed across chromosomes further supporting a posttranscriptional control, which is likely to involve a variety of 3'UTR elements.    Conclusion  This study highlighted substantial differences in gene expression patterns between  L. major  and  L. infantum . These important species-specific differences in stage-regulated gene expression may contribute to the disease tropism that distinguishes  L. major  from  L. infantum.

bmc genomics

Genome-wide gene expression profiling analysis of Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum developmental stages reveals substantial differences between the two species