English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  As the evolution of miRNA genes has been found to be one of the important factors in formation of the modern type of man, we performed a comparative analysis of the evolution of miRNA genes in two archaic hominines,  Homo sapiens neanderthalensis  and  Homo sapiens denisova , and elucidated the expression of their target mRNAs in bain.    Results  A comparative analysis of the genomes of primates, including species in the genus  Homo , identified a group of miRNA genes having fixed substitutions with important implications for the evolution of  Homo sapiens neanderthalensis  and  Homo sapiens denisova . The mRNAs targeted by miRNAs with mutations specific for  Homo sapiens denisova  exhibited enhanced expression during postnatal brain development in modern humans. By contrast, the expression of mRNAs targeted by miRNAs bearing variations specific for  Homo sapiens neanderthalensis  was shown to be enhanced in prenatal brain development.    Conclusions  Our results highlight the importance of changes in miRNA gene sequences in the course of  Homo sapiens denisova  and  Homo sapiens neanderthalensis  evolution. The genetic alterations of miRNAs regulating the spatiotemporal expression of multiple genes in the prenatal and postnatal brain may contribute to the progressive evolution of brain function, which is consistent with the observations of fine technical and typological properties of tools and decorative items reported from archaeological Denisovan sites. The data also suggest that differential spatial-temporal regulation of gene products promoted by the subspecies-specific mutations in the miRNA genes might have occurred in the brains of  Homo sapiens denisova  and  Homo sapiens neanderthalensis , potentially contributing to the cultural differences between these two archaic hominines.

The evolution of Homo sapiens denisova and Homo sapiens neanderthalensis miRNA targeting genes in the prenatal and postnatal brain