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Background  Compared to other ascomycetes, the barley powdery mildew pathogen  Blumeria graminis  f.sp.  hordei  ( Bgh ) has a large genome (ca. 120 Mbp) that harbors a relatively small number of protein-coding genes (ca. 6500). This genomic assemblage is thought to be the result of numerous gene losses, which likely represent an evolutionary adaptation to a parasitic lifestyle in close association with its host plant, barley ( Hordeum vulgare ). Approximately 8% of the  Bgh  genes are predicted to encode virulence effectors that are secreted into host tissue and/or cells to promote pathogenesis; the remaining proteome is largely uncharacterized at present.    Results  We provide a comparative analysis of the conceptual  Bgh  proteome, with an emphasis on proteins with known roles in fungal development and pathogenicity, for example heterotrimeric G proteins and G protein coupled receptors; components of calcium and cAMP signaling; small monomeric GTPases; mitogen-activated protein cascades and transcription factors. The predicted  Bgh  proteome lacks a number of proteins that are otherwise conserved in filamentous fungi, including two proteins that are required for the formation of anastomoses (somatic hyphal connections). By contrast, apart from minor modifications, all major canonical signaling pathways are retained in  Bgh . A family of kinases that preferentially occur in pathogenic species of the fungal clade Leotiomyceta is unusually expanded in  Bgh  and its close relative,  Blumeria graminis  f.sp.  tritici .    Conclusions  Our analysis reveals characteristic features of the proteome of a fungal phytopathogen that occupies an extreme habitat: the living plant cell.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-843) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

In silico analysis of the core signaling proteome from the barley powdery mildew pathogen (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei)