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Background  Powdery mildew (PM) is a major fungal disease of thousands of plant species, including many cultivated Rosaceae. PM pathogenesis is associated with up-regulation of  MLO  genes during early stages of infection, causing down-regulation of plant defense pathways. Specific members of the  MLO  gene family act as PM-susceptibility genes, as their loss-of-function mutations grant durable and broad-spectrum resistance.    Results  We carried out a genome-wide characterization of the  MLO  gene family in apple, peach and strawberry, and we isolated apricot  MLO  homologs through a PCR-approach. Evolutionary relationships between  MLO  homologs were studied and syntenic blocks constructed. Homologs that are candidates for being PM susceptibility genes were inferred by phylogenetic relationships with functionally characterized  MLO  genes and, in apple, by monitoring their expression following inoculation with the PM causal pathogen  Podosphaera leucotricha.Conclusions  Genomic tools available for Rosaceae were exploited in order to characterize the  MLO  gene family. Candidate  MLO  susceptibility genes were identified. In follow-up studies it can be investigated whether silencing or a loss-of-function mutations in one or more of these candidate genes leads to PM resistance.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-618) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Characterization of the MLO gene family in Rosaceae and gene expression analysis in Malus domestica