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Background  Comparative transcriptomics and functional studies of different  Saccharomyces  species have opened up the possibility of studying and understanding new yeast abilities. This is the case of yeast adaptation to stress, in particular the cold stress response, which is especially relevant for the food industry. Since the species  Saccharomyces kudriavzevii  is adapted to grow at low temperatures, it has been suggested that it contains physiological adaptations that allow it to rapidly and efficiently acclimatise after cold shock.    Results  In this work, we aimed to provide new insights into the molecular basis determining this better cold adaptation of  S. kudriavzevii  strains. To this end, we have compared  S. cerevisiae  and  S. kudriavzevii  transcriptome after yeast adapted to cold shock. The results showed that both yeast mainly activated the genes related to translation machinery by comparing 12°C with 28°C, but the  S. kudriavzevii  response was stronger, showing an increased expression of dozens of genes involved in protein synthesis. This suggested enhanced translation efficiency at low temperatures, which was confirmed when we observed increased resistance to translation inhibitor paromomycin. Finally,  35 S-methionine incorporation assays confirmed the increased  S. kudriavzevii  translation rate after cold shock.    Conclusions  This work confirms that  S. kudriavzevii  is able to grow at low temperatures, an interesting ability for different industrial applications. We propose that this adaptation is based on its enhanced ability to initiate a quick, efficient translation of crucial genes in cold adaptation among others, a mechanism that has been suggested for other microorganisms.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-432) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Transcriptomics of cryophilic Saccharomyces kudriavzevii reveals the key role of gene translation efficiency in cold stress adaptations