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Background  Glandular trichomes are production and storage organs of specialized metabolites such as terpenes, which play a role in the plant’s defense system. The present study aimed to shed light on the regulation of terpene biosynthesis in  Solanum lycopersicum  trichomes by identification of transcription factors (TFs) that control the expression of terpene synthases.    Results  A trichome transcriptome database was created with a total of 27,195 contigs that contained 743 annotated TFs. Furthermore a quantitative expression database was obtained of jasmonic acid-treated trichomes. Sixteen candidate TFs were selected for further analysis. One TF of the MYC bHLH class and one of the WRKY class were able to transiently transactivate  S. lycopersicum  terpene synthase promoters in  Nicotiana benthamiana  leaves. Strikingly, SlMYC1 was shown to act synergistically with a previously identified zinc finger-like TF, Expression of Terpenoids 1 (SlEOT1) in transactivating the  SlTPS5  promoter.    Conclusions  High-throughput sequencing of tomato stem trichomes led to the discovery of two transcription factors that activated several terpene synthase promoters. Our results identified new elements of the transcriptional regulation of tomato terpene biosynthesis in trichomes, a largely unexplored field.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-402) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

RNA sequencing on Solanum lycopersicum trichomes identifies transcription factors that activate terpene synthase promoters