English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Zoraptera, generally regarded as a member of Polyneoptera, represents one of the most enigmatic insect orders. Although phylogenetic analyses based on a wide array of morphological and/or nuclear data have been performed, the position of Zoraptera is still under debate. Mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) information is commonly considered to be preferable to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships, but no efforts have been made to incorporate it in Zorapteran phylogeny. To characterize Zoraptera mitogenome features and provide insights into its phylogenetic placement, here we sequenced, for the first time, one complete mitogenome of Zoraptera and reconstructed the phylogeny of Polyneoptera.    Results  The mitogenome of  Zorotypus medoensis  with an A + T content of 72.50% is composed of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and a noncoding A + T-rich region. The gene content and arrangement are identical to those considered ancestral for insects. This mitogenome shows a number of very unusual features. First, it is very compact, comprising 14,572 bp, and is the smallest among all known polyneopteran mitogenomes. Second, both noncoding sequences and coding genes exhibit a significant decrease in size compared with those of other polyneopterans. Third,  Z. medoensis  mitogenome has experienced an accelerated substitution rate. Fourth, truncated secondary structures of tRNA genes occur with loss of dihydrouridine (DHU) arm in  trnC ,  trnR , and  trnS(AGN)  and loss of TΨC arm in  trnH  and  trnT . The phylogenetic analyses based on the mitogenome sequence information indicate that Zoraptera, represented by  Z. medoensis , is recovered as sister to Embioptera. However, both Zoraptera and Embioptera exhibit very long branches in phylogenetic trees.    Conclusions  Characterization of  Z. medoensis  mitogenome contributes to our understanding of the enigmatic Zoraptera. Mitogenome data demonstrate an overall strong resolution of deep-level phylogenies of Polyneoptera but not Insecta. It is preferable to expand taxon sampling of Zoraptera and other poorly represented orders in future to break up long branches.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1156) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The compact mitochondrial genome of Zorotypus medoensis provides insights into phylogenetic position of Zoraptera