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Background  Xanthomonads are plant-associated bacteria responsible for diseases on economically important crops.  Xanthomonas fuscans  subsp . fuscans  ( Xff ) is one of the causal agents of common bacterial blight of bean. In this study, the complete genome sequence of strain  Xff  4834-R was determined and compared to other  Xanthomonas  genome sequences.    Results  Comparative genomics analyses revealed core characteristics shared between  Xff  4834-R and other xanthomonads including chemotaxis elements, two-component systems, TonB-dependent transporters, secretion systems (from T1SS to T6SS) and multiple effectors. For instance a repertoire of 29 Type 3 Effectors (T3Es) with two Transcription Activator-Like Effectors was predicted. Mobile elements were associated with major modifications in the genome structure and gene content in comparison to other  Xanthomonas  genomes. Notably, a deletion of 33 kbp affects flagellum biosynthesis in  Xff  4834-R. The presence of a complete flagellar cluster was assessed in a collection of more than 300 strains representing different species and pathovars of  Xanthomonas . Five percent of the tested strains presented a deletion in the flagellar cluster and were non-motile. Moreover, half of the  Xff  strains isolated from the same epidemic than 4834-R was non-motile and this ratio was conserved in the strains colonizing the next bean seed generations.    Conclusions  This work describes the first genome of a  Xanthomonas  strain pathogenic on bean and reports the existence of non-motile xanthomonads belonging to different species and pathovars. Isolation of such  Xff  variants from a natural epidemic may suggest that flagellar motility is not a key function for  in planta  fitness.

Genome sequence of Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscansstrain 4834-R reveals that flagellar motility is not a general feature of xanthomonads