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Background  The genetic and molecular basis for many intermediate and end stage phenotypes in model systems such as  C .  elegans  and  D .  melanogaster  has long been known to involve pleiotropic effects and complex multigenic interactions. Gene sets are groups of genes that contribute to multiple biological or molecular phenomena. They have been used in the analysis of large molecular datasets such as microarray data, Next Generation sequencing, and other genomic datasets to reveal pleiotropic and multigenic contributions to phenotypic outcomes. Many model systems lack species specific organized phenotype based gene sets to enable high throughput analysis of large molecular datasets.    Results and discussion  Here, we describe two novel collections of gene sets in  C .  elegans  and  D .  melanogaster  that are based exclusively on genetically determined phenotypes and use a controlled phenotypic ontology. We use these collections to build genome-wide models of thousands of defined phenotypes in both model species. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of these gene sets in systems analysis and in analysis of gene expression-based molecular datasets and show how they are useful in analysis of genomic datasets connecting multigenic gene inputs to complex phenotypes.    Conclusions  Phenotypic based gene sets in both  C .  elegans  and  D .  melanogaster  are developed, characterized, and shown to be useful in the analysis of large scale species-specific genomic datasets. These phenotypic gene set collections will contribute to the understanding of complex phenotypic outcomes in these model systems.

Genome-wide modeling of complex phenotypes in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster