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Background  Argonaute (AGO) is the core component of RNA-induced silencing complex. The  AGO  gene family has been analyzed in various plant species; however, there is no report about  AGOs  in the well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) plant,  Salvia miltiorrhiza .    Results  Through a genome-wide analysis, we identified ten  SmAGO  genes in  S. miltiorrhiza . Full-length cDNAs of all  SmAGOs  were subsequently cloned and sequenced. These  SmAGOs  were characterized using a comprehensive approach. Sequence features, gene structures and conserved domains were analyzed by the comparison of  SmAGOs  and  AtAGOs . Phylogenetic relationships among AGO proteins from  S. miltiorrhiza ,  Arabidopsis  and rice were revealed. The expression levels of  SmAGO  genes in various tissues of  S. miltiorrhiza  were investigated. The results implied that some  SmAGOs , such as  SmAGO1 ,  SmAGO2 ,  SmAGO3 ,  SmAGO7  and  SmAGO10 , probably played similar roles as their counterparts in  Arabidopsis ; whereas the others could be more species-specialized. It suggests the conservation and diversity of  AGOs  in plants. Additionally, we identified a total of 24 hairpin structures, representing six miRNA gene families, to be miRNA precursors. Using the modified 5′-RACE method, we confirmed that  SmAGO1  and  SmAGO2  were targeted by  S. miltiorrhiza  miR168a/b and miR403, respectively. It suggests the conservation of AGO1-miR168 and AGO2-miR403 regulatory modules in  S. miltiorrhiza  and  Arabidopsis .    Conclusions  This is the first attempt to explore  SmAGOs  and miRNAs in  S. miltiorrhiza . The results provide useful information for further elucidation of gene silencing pathways in  S. miltiorrhiza .

bmc genomics

Genome-wide identification, molecular cloning, expression profiling and posttranscriptional regulation analysis of the Argonaute gene family in Salvia miltiorrhiza, an emerging model medicinal plant