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Background  The cumulus cells (CCs) enveloping antral and ovulated oocytes have been regarded as putative source of non-invasive markers of the oocyte developmental competence. A number of studies have indeed observed a correlation between CCs gene expression, embryo quality, and final pregnancy outcome. Here, we isolated CCs from antral mouse oocytes of known developmental incompetence (NSN-CCs) or competence (SN-CCs) and compared their transcriptomes with the aim of identifying distinct marker transcripts.    Results  Global gene expression analysis highlighted that both types of CCs share similar transcriptomes, with the exception of 422 genes, 97.6% of which were down-regulated in NSN-CCs  vs.  SN-CCs. This transcriptional down-regulation in NSN-CCs was confirmed by  q RT-PCR analysis of CC-related genes ( Has2, Ptx3, Tnfaip6  and  Ptgs2 ). Only ten of the 422 genes were up-regulated with  Amh  being the most up-regulated in NSN-CCs, with an average 4-fold higher expression when analysed by  q RT-PCR.    Conclusions  The developmental incompetence (NSN) or competence (SN) of antral oocytes can be predicted using transcript markers expressed by their surrounding CCs (i.e.,  Has2, Ptx3, Tnfaip6, Ptgs2  and  Amh ). Overall, the regulated nature of the group of genes brought out by whole transcriptome analysis constitutes the molecular signature of CCs associated either with developmentally incompetent or competent oocytes and may represent a valuable resource for developing new molecular tools for the assessment of oocyte quality and to further investigate the complex bi-directional interaction occurring between CCs and oocyte.

Transcriptome based identification of mouse cumulus cell markers that predict the developmental competence of their enclosed antral oocytes