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Background  The African annual fish  Nothobranchius furzeri  has over recent years been established as a model species for ageing-related studies. This is mainly based on its exceptionally short lifespan and the presence of typical characteristics of vertebrate ageing. To substantiate its role as an alternative vertebrate ageing model, a transcript catalogue is needed, which can serve e.g. as basis for identifying ageing-related genes.    Results  To build the  N. furzeri  transcript catalogue, thirteen cDNA libraries were sequenced using Sanger, 454/Roche and Solexa/Illumina technologies yielding about 39 Gb. In total, 19,875 protein-coding genes were identified and annotated. Of these, 71% are represented by at least one transcript contig with a complete coding sequence. Further, transcript levels of young and old fish of the strains GRZ and MZM-0403, which differ in lifespan by twofold, were studied by RNA-seq. In skin and brain, 85 differentially expressed genes were detected; these have a role in cell cycle control and proliferation, inflammation and tissue maintenance. An RNA-seq experiment for zebrafish skin confirmed the ageing-related relevance of the findings in  N. furzeri . Notably, analyses of transcript levels between zebrafish and  N. furzeri  but also between  N. furzeri  strains differed largely, suggesting that ageing is accelerated in the short-lived  N. furzeri  strain GRZ compared to the longer-lived strain MZM-0403.    Conclusions  We provide a comprehensive, annotated  N. furzeri  transcript catalogue and a first transcriptome-wide insight into  N. furzeri  ageing. This data will serve as a basis for future functional studies of ageing-related genes.

The transcript catalogue of the short-lived fish Nothobranchius furzeri provides insights into age-dependent changes of mRNA levels