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Background  The expression of genes in  Corynebacterium glutamicum , a Gram-positive non-pathogenic bacterium used mainly for the industrial production of amino acids, is regulated by seven different sigma factors of RNA polymerase, including the stress-responsive ECF-sigma factor SigH. The  sigH  gene is located in a gene cluster together with the  rshA  gene, putatively encoding an anti-sigma factor. The aim of this study was to analyze the transcriptional regulation of the  sigH  and  rshA  gene cluster and the effects of RshA on the SigH regulon, in order to refine the model describing the role of SigH and RshA during stress response.    Results  Transcription analyses revealed that the  sigH  gene and  rshA  gene are cotranscribed from four  sigH  housekeeping promoters in  C. glutamicum . In addition, a SigH-controlled  rshA  promoter was found to only drive the transcription of the  rshA  gene. To test the role of the putative anti-sigma factor gene  rshA  under normal growth conditions, a  C. glutamicum rshA  deletion strain was constructed and used for genome-wide transcription profiling with DNA microarrays. In total, 83 genes organized in 61 putative transcriptional units, including those previously detected using  sigH  mutant strains, exhibited increased transcript levels in the  rshA  deletion mutant compared to its parental strain. The genes encoding proteins related to disulphide stress response, heat stress proteins, components of the SOS-response to DNA damage and proteasome components were the most markedly upregulated gene groups. Altogether six SigH-dependent promoters upstream of the identified genes were determined by primer extension and a refined consensus promoter consisting of 45 original promoter sequences was constructed.    Conclusions  The  rshA  gene codes for an anti-sigma factor controlling the function of the stress-responsive sigma factor SigH in  C. glutamicum . Transcription of  rshA  from a SigH-dependent promoter may serve to quickly shutdown the SigH-dependent stress response after the cells have overcome the stress condition. Here we propose a model of the regulation of oxidative and heat stress response including redox homeostasis by SigH, RshA and the thioredoxin system.

bmc genomics

Transcriptional regulation of the operon encoding stress-responsive ECF sigma factor SigH and its anti-sigma factor RshA, and control of its regulatory network in Corynebacterium glutamicum