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Background  Softwood is the predominant form of land plant biomass in the Northern hemisphere, and is among the most recalcitrant biomass resources to bioprocess technologies. The white rot fungus,  Phanerochaete carnosa , has been isolated almost exclusively from softwoods, while most other known white-rot species, including  Phanerochaete chrysosporium , were mainly isolated from hardwoods. Accordingly, it is anticipated that  P. carnosa  encodes a distinct set of enzymes and proteins that promote softwood decomposition. To elucidate the genetic basis of softwood bioconversion by a white-rot fungus, the present study reports the  P. carnosa  genome sequence and its comparative analysis with the previously reported  P. chrysosporium  genome.    Results   P. carnosa  encodes a complete set of lignocellulose-active enzymes. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that  P. carnosa  is enriched with genes encoding manganese peroxidase, and that the most divergent glycoside hydrolase families were predicted to encode hemicellulases and glycoprotein degrading enzymes. Most remarkably,  P. carnosa  possesses one of the largest P450 contingents (266 P450s) among the sequenced and annotated wood-rotting basidiomycetes, nearly double that of  P. chrysosporium . Along with metabolic pathway modeling, comparative growth studies on model compounds and chemical analyses of decomposed wood components showed greater tolerance of  P. carnosa  to various substrates including coniferous heartwood.    Conclusions  The  P. carnosa  genome is enriched with genes that encode P450 monooxygenases that can participate in extractives degradation, and manganese peroxidases involved in lignin degradation. The significant expansion of P450s in  P. carnosa , along with differences in carbohydrate- and lignin-degrading enzymes, could be correlated to the utilization of heartwood and sapwood preparations from both coniferous and hardwood species.

bmc genomics

Comparative genomics of the white-rot fungi, Phanerochaete carnosa and P. chrysosporium, to elucidate the genetic basis of the distinct wood types they colonize