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Background  The  TERT  gene encodes the catalytic subunit of the telomerase complex and is responsible for maintaining telomere length. Vertebrate telomerase has been studied in eutherian mammals, fish, and the chicken, but less attention has been paid to other vertebrates. The platypus occupies an important evolutionary position, providing unique insight into the evolution of mammalian genes. We report the cloning of a platypus  TERT  (Oan TERT ) ortholog, and provide a comparison with genes of other vertebrates.    Results  The Oan TERT  encodes a protein with a high sequence similarity to marsupial TERT and avian TERT. Like the TERT of sauropsids and marsupials, as well as that of sharks and echinoderms, OanTERT contains extended variable linkers in the N-terminal region suggesting that they were present already in basal vertebrates and lost independently in ray-finned fish and eutherian mammals. Several alternatively spliced Oan TERT  variants structurally similar to avian  TERT  variants were identified. Telomerase activity is expressed in all platypus tissues like that of cold-blooded animals and murine rodents. Oan TERT  was localized on pseudoautosomal regions of sex chromosomes X3/Y2, expanding the homology between human chromosome 5 and platypus sex chromosomes. Synteny analysis suggests that  TERT  co-localized with sex-linked genes in the last common mammalian ancestor. Interestingly, female platypuses express higher levels of telomerase in heart and liver tissues than do males.    Conclusions  Oan TERT  shares many features with  TERT  of the reptilian outgroup, suggesting that Oan TERT  represents the ancestral mammalian  TERT . Features specific to  TERT  of eutherian mammals have, therefore, evolved more recently after the divergence of monotremes.

bmc genomics

Insights into the evolution of mammalian telomerase: Platypus TERT shares similarities with genes of birds and other reptiles and localizes on sex chromosomes