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Background  Genome-scale prediction of gene regulation and reconstruction of transcriptional regulatory networks in bacteria is one of the critical tasks of modern genomics. The  Shewanella  genus is comprised of metabolically versatile gamma-proteobacteria, whose lifestyles and natural environments are substantially different from  Escherichia coli  and other model bacterial species. The comparative genomics approaches and computational identification of regulatory sites are useful for the  in silico  reconstruction of transcriptional regulatory networks in bacteria.    Results  To explore conservation and variations in the  Shewanella  transcriptional networks we analyzed the repertoire of transcription factors and performed genomics-based reconstruction and comparative analysis of regulons in 16  Shewanella  genomes. The inferred regulatory network includes 82 transcription factors and their DNA binding sites, 8 riboswitches and 6 translational attenuators. Forty five regulons were newly inferred from the genome context analysis, whereas others were propagated from previously characterized regulons in the Enterobacteria and  Pseudomonas  spp.. Multiple variations in regulatory strategies between the  Shewanella  spp. and  E. coli  include regulon contraction and expansion (as in the case of PdhR, HexR, FadR), numerous cases of recruiting non-orthologous regulators to control equivalent pathways (e.g. PsrA for fatty acid degradation) and, conversely, orthologous regulators to control distinct pathways (e.g. TyrR, ArgR, Crp).    Conclusions  We tentatively defined the first reference collection of ~100 transcriptional regulons in 16  Shewanella  genomes. The resulting regulatory network contains ~600 regulated genes per genome that are mostly involved in metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, metals, and stress responses. Several reconstructed regulons including NagR for N-acetylglucosamine catabolism were experimentally validated in  S. oneidensis  MR-1. Analysis of correlations in gene expression patterns helps to interpret the reconstructed regulatory network. The inferred regulatory interactions will provide an additional regulatory constrains for an integrated model of metabolism and regulation in  S. oneidensis  MR-1.

Comparative genomic reconstruction of transcriptional networks controlling central metabolism in the Shewanella genus