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Background  Telomere replication in Drosophila depends on the transposition of a domesticated retroelement, the  HeT-A  retrotransposon. The sequence of the  HeT-A  retrotransposon changes rapidly resulting in differentiated subfamilies. This pattern of sequence change contrasts with the essential function with which the  HeT-A  is entrusted and brings about questions concerning the extent of sequence variability, the telomere contribution of different subfamilies, and whether wild type and mutant Drosophila stocks show different  HeT-A  scenarios.    Results  A detailed study on the variability of  HeT-A  reveals that both the level of variability and the number of subfamilies are higher than previously reported. Comparisons between GIII, a strain with longer telomeres, and its parental strain Oregon-R indicate that both strains have the same set of  HeT-A  subfamilies. Finally, the presence of a highly conserved splicing pattern only in its antisense transcripts indicates a putative regulatory, functional or structural role for the  HeT-A  RNA. Interestingly, our results also suggest that most  HeT-A  copies are actively expressed regardless of which telomere and where in the telomere they are located.    Conclusions  Our study demonstrates how the  HeT-A  sequence changes much faster than previously reported resulting in at least nine different subfamilies most of which could actively contribute to telomere extension in Drosophila. Interestingly, the only significant difference observed between Oregon-R and GIII resides in the nature and proportion of the antisense transcripts, suggesting a possible mechanism that would in part explain the longer telomeres of the GIII stock.

bmc genomics

Transcriptional analysis of the HeT-A retrotransposon in mutant and wild type stocks reveals high sequence variability at Drosophila telomeres and other unusual features