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Background  Phloem-feeding aphids deprive plants of assimilates, but mostly manage to avoid causing the mechanical tissue damage inflicted by chewing insects. Nevertheless, jasmonate signalling that is induced by infestation is important in mediating resistance to phloem feeders. Aphid attack induces the jasmonic acid signalling pathway, but very little is known about the specific impact jasmonates have on the expression of genes that respond to aphid attack.    Results  We have evaluated the function that jasmonates have in regulating  Arabidopsis thaliana  responses to cabbage aphid ( Brevicoryne brassicae ) by conducting a large-scale transcriptional analysis of two mutants:  aos , which is defective in jasmonate production, and  fou2 , which constitutively induces jasmonic acid biosynthesis. This analysis enabled us to determine which genes' expression patterns depend on the jasmonic acid signalling pathway. We identified more than 200 genes whose expression in non-challenged plants depended on jasmonate levels and more than 800 genes that responded differently to infestation in  aos  and  fou2  plants than in wt. Several aphid-induced changes were compromised in the  aos  mutant, particularly genes connected to regulation of transcription, defence responses and redox changes. Due to jasmonate-triggered pre-activation of  fou2 , its transcriptional profile in non-challenged plants mimicked the induction of defence responses in wt. Additional activation of  fou2  upon aphid attack was therefore limited. Insect fitness experiments revealed that the physiological consequences of  fou2  mutation contributed to more effective protection against  B. brassicae . However, the observed resistance of the  fou2  mutant was based on antibiotic rather than feeding deterrent properties of the mutant as indicated by an analysis of aphid feeding behaviour.    Conclusions  Analysis of transcriptional profiles of wt,  aos  and  fou2  plants revealed that the expression of more than 200 genes is dependent on jasmonate status, regardless of external stimuli. Moreover, the aphid-induced response of more than 800 transcripts is regulated by jasmonate signalling. Thus, in plants lacking jasmonates many of the defence-related responses induced by infestation in wt plants are impaired. Constant up-regulation of jasmonate signalling as evident in the  fou2  mutant causes reduction in aphid population growth, likely as a result of antibiotic properties of  fou2  plants. However,  aos  mutation does not seem to affect aphid performance when the density of  B. brassicae  populations on plants is low and aphids are free to move around.

Testing the importance of jasmonate signalling in induction of plant defences upon cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) attack