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Background  The genus  Erwinia  includes plant-associated pathogenic and non-pathogenic  Enterobacteria . Important pathogens such as  Erwinia amylovora , the causative agent of fire blight and  E. pyrifoliae  causing bacterial shoot blight of pear in Asia belong to this genus. The species  E. tasmaniensis  and  E. billingiae  are epiphytic bacteria and may represent antagonists for biocontrol of fire blight. The presence of genes that are putatively involved in virulence in  E. amylovora  and  E. pyrifoliae  is of special interest for these species in consequence.    Results  Here we provide the complete genome sequences of the pathogenic  E. pyrifoliae  strain Ep1/96 with a size of 4.1 Mb and of the non-pathogenic species  E. billingiae  strain Eb661 with a size of 5.4 Mb,  de novo  determined by conventional Sanger sequencing and next generation sequencing techniques. Genome comparison reveals large inversions resulting from homologous recombination events. Furthermore, comparison of deduced proteins highlights a relation of  E. billingiae  strain Eb661 to  E. tasmaniensis  strain Et1/99 and a distance to  E. pyrifoliae  for the overall gene content as well as for the presence of encoded proteins representing virulence factors for the pathogenic species. Pathogenicity of  E. pyrifoliae  is supposed to have evolved by accumulation of potential virulence factors.  E. pyrifoliae  carries factors for type III secretion and cell invasion. Other genes described as virulence factors for  E. amylovora  are involved in the production of exopolysaccharides, the utilization of plant metabolites such as sorbitol and sucrose. Some virulence-associated genes of the pathogenic species are present in  E. tasmaniensis  but mostly absent in  E. billingiae .    Conclusion  The data of the genome analyses correspond to the pathogenic lifestyle of  E. pyrifoliae  and underlines the epiphytic localization of  E. tasmaniensis  and  E. billingiae  as a saprophyte.

Genome comparison of the epiphytic bacteria Erwinia billingiae and E. tasmaniensis with the pear pathogen E. pyrifoliae