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Background  In most species of mammals, the  TRB  locus has the common feature of a library of  TRBV  genes positioned at the 5'- end of two in tandem aligned D-J-C gene clusters, each composed of a single  TRBD  gene, 6-7  TRBJ  genes and one  TRBC  gene. An enhancer located at the 3'end of the last  TRBC  and a well-defined promoter situated at the 5'end of the  TRBD  gene and/or a undefined promoter situated at the 5'end of the  TRBD2  are sufficient to generate the full recombinase accessibility at the locus. In ruminant species, the 3'end of the  TRB  locus is characterized by the presence of three D-J-C clusters, each constituted by a single  TRBD , 5-7  TRBJ  and one  TRBC  genes with the center cluster showing a structure combined with the clusters upstream and downstream, suggesting that a unequal crossover occurred in the duplication. An enhancer downstream the last  TRBC , and a promoter at the 5'-end of each  TRBD  gene are also present.    Results  In this paper we focused our attention on the analysis of a large number of sheep TR β-chain transcripts derived from four different lymphoid tissues of three diverse sheep breed animals to certify the use and frequency of the three gene clusters in the β-chain repertoire. As the sheep  TRB  locus genomic organization is known, the exact interpretation of the V-D-J rearrangements was fully determined. Our results clearly demonstrate that sheep β-chain constitutes a level of variability that is substantially larger than that described in other mammalian species. This is due not only to the increase of the number of D and J genes available to the somatic recombination, but also to the presence of the trans-rearrangement process. Moreover, the functional complexity of β-chain repertoire is resolved by other mechanisms such as alternative cis- and trans-splicing and recombinational diversification that seems to affect the variety of the constant region.    Conclusion  All together our data demonstrate that a disparate set of molecular mechanisms operate to perform a diversified repertoire in the sheep β-chain and this could confer some special biological properties to the corresponding αβ T cells in the ruminant lineage.

bmc genomics

Extensive analysis of D-J-C arrangements allows the identification of different mechanisms enhancing the diversity in sheep T cell receptor β-chain repertoire