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Background  The two closely related species of band-winged grasshoppers,  Gastrimargus marmoratus  and  Oedaleus asiaticus , display significant differences in distribution, biological characteristics and habitat preferences. They are so similar to their respective congeneric species that it is difficult to differentiate them from other species within each genus. Hoppers of the two species have quite similar morphologies to that of  Locusta migratoria , hence causing confusion in species identification. Thus we determined and compared the mitochondrial genomes of  G. marmoratus  and  O. asiaticus  to address these questions.    Results  The complete mitochondrial genomes of  G. marmoratus  and  O. asiaticus  are 15,924 bp and 16,259 bp in size, respectively, with  O. asiaticus  being the largest among all known mitochondrial genomes in Orthoptera. Both mitochondrial genomes contain a standard set of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and an A+T-rich region in the same order as those of the other analysed caeliferan species, but different from those of the ensiferan species by the rearrangement of  trnD  and  trnK . The putative initiation codon for the  cox1  gene in the two species is ATC. The presence of different sized tandem repeats in the A+T-rich region leads to size variation between their mitochondrial genomes. Except for  nad2 ,  nad4L , and  nad6 , most of the caeliferan mtDNA genes exhibit low levels of divergence. In phylogenetic analyses, the species from the suborder Caelifera form a monophyletic group, as is the case for the Ensifera. Furthermore, the two suborders cluster as sister groups, supporting the monophyly of Orthoptera.    Conclusion  The mitochondrial genomes of both  G. marmoratus  and  O. asiaticus  harbor the typical 37 genes and an A+T-rich region, exhibiting similar characters to those of other grasshopper species. Characterization of the two mitochondrial genomes has enriched our knowledge on mitochondrial genomes of Orthoptera.

The complete mitochondrial genomes of two band-winged grasshoppers, Gastrimargus marmoratus and Oedaleus asiaticus